Namhlanje, ndiza kukunika intshayelelo emfutshane ngembali yeplastiki.

Iplastiki yokuqala eyenziwe ngokupheleleyo kwimbali yoluntu yayiyi-phenolic resin eyenziwe yi-American Baekeland ene-phenol kunye ne-formaldehyde ngo-1909, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Baekeland plastic. Ii-phenolic resins zenziwa yi-condensation reaction ye-phenols kunye ne-aldehydes, kwaye zezeplastiki ze-thermosetting. Inkqubo yokulungiselela yahlulwe ngamanyathelo amabini: inyathelo lokuqala: i-polymerize ibe yi-compound ene-low linear degree of polymerization; inyathelo lesibini: sebenzisa unyango lobushushu obuphezulu ukuyiguqula ibe yi-polymerize ene-high degree of polymerization.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yophuhliso, iimveliso zeplastiki ngoku zikho kuyo yonke indawo kwaye ziyaqhubeka nokukhula ngesantya esoyikekayo. I-resin ecocekileyo isenokungabi nambala kwaye ibonakale okanye ibonakale imhlophe, ngoko ke imveliso ayinazo iimpawu ezicacileyo nezinomtsalane. Ke ngoko, ukunika iimveliso zeplastiki imibala eqaqambileyo kuye kwaba luxanduva olungenakuphepheka lweshishini lokucubungula iiplastiki. Kutheni iiplastiki ziphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kangaka kwiminyaka eli-100 kuphela? Ikakhulu kuba unezibonelelo ezilandelayo:

1. Iiplastiki zinokwenziwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. (Ngeisikhunta seplastiki)

2. Ubuninzi beplastiki bulula kwaye amandla ayo aphezulu.

3. Iplastiki inokumelana nokugqwala.

4. Iplastiki ineempawu ezilungileyo zokukhusela ubushushu kunye nokukhusela ubushushu.

Zininzi iintlobo zeplastiki. Zeziphi iintlobo eziphambili zethermoplastics?

1. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yenye yeeplastiki eziphambili ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Phakathi kweeplastiki ezintlanu eziphambili ehlabathini, amandla ayo okuvelisa alandela i-polyethylene kuphela. I-PVC inobunzima obuhle kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, kodwa ayinabo ukuguquguquka, kwaye i-monomer yayo inetyhefu.

2. I-Polyolefin (PO), ezona zixhaphakileyo yi-polyethylene (PE) kunye ne-polypropylene (PP). Phakathi kwazo, i-PE yenye yezona mveliso zinkulu zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-PP inoxinano oluphantsi, ayinatyhefu, ayinavumba kwaye inokumelana kakuhle nobushushu. Ingasetyenziswa ixesha elide kubushushu obumalunga ne-110 degrees Celsius.icephe leplastikiyenziwe nge-PP yodidi lokutya.

3. Iiresini ze-styrene, kuquka i-polystyrene (PS), i-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (I-ABSkunye ne-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

4. I-Polyamide, i-polycarbonate, i-polyethylene terephthalate, i-polyoxymethylene (POM). Olu hlobo lweplastiki lungasetyenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, ezikwaziwa ngokuba zizinto zobunjineli.

Ukufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa kweplastiki kubhalwe kwiingxelo zembali, kwaye yayiyeyona nto yesibini ebalulekileyo eyachaphazela uluntu kwinkulungwane yama-20. Iplastiki ngokwenene ngummangaliso emhlabeni! Namhlanje, singatsho ngaphandle kokubaxa: “Ubomi bethu abunakwahlulwa kwiplastiki”!