Namhlanje, ndiza kukunika isingeniso esifutshane kwimbali yeeplastiki.

Iplastiki yokuqala eyenziwe ngokupheleleyo kwimbali yoluntu yayiyi-phenolic resin eyenziwe yi-American Baekeland ene-phenol kunye ne-formaldehyde ngo-1909, ekwaziwa njengeplastiki yaseBaekeland.Ii-phenolic resins zenziwa yi-condensation reaction ye-phenols kunye ne-aldehydes, kwaye zezeplastiki ze-thermosetting.Inkqubo yokulungiselela ihlulwe ibe ngamanyathelo amabini: inyathelo lokuqala: okokuqala i-polymerize ibe yikhompawundi eneqondo eliphantsi lomgca wepolymerization;inyathelo lesibini: sebenzisa unyango lobushushu obuphezulu ukuyiguqulela kwikhompawundi yepolymer eneqondo eliphezulu lepolymerization.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yophuhliso, iimveliso zeplastiki ngoku zikho kuyo yonke indawo kwaye ziyaqhubeka zikhula ngesantya esothusayo.I-resin ecocekileyo inokuthi ingabi mbala kwaye ibonakale okanye imhlophe ngembonakalo, ukwenzela ukuba imveliso ingabikho izinto ezicacileyo kunye ezikhangayo.Ke ngoko, ukunika iimveliso zeplastiki imibala eqaqambileyo kuye kwaba luxanduva olungenakuphepheka kwishishini lokulungisa iiplastiki.Kutheni le nto iiplastiki ziphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza kangaka kwiminyaka nje eli-100?Ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba unezi ncedo zilandelayo:

1. Iiplastiki zinokuveliswa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.(Ngokusebenzisaiplastiki yokubumba)

2. Ukuxinana kweplastiki kukhanya kwaye amandla aphezulu.

3. Iplastiki ine-corrosion resistance.

4. Iplastiki ineempawu ezintle zokugquma kunye nokushisa.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeplastiki.Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-thermoplastics?

1. I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yenye yezona njongo ziphambili zeplastiki.Phakathi kweeplastiki ezintlanu eziphezulu zehlabathi, umthamo wayo wemveliso ngowesibini kuphela kwi-polyethylene.I-PVC inobulukhuni obuhle kunye nokumelana nokubola, kodwa ayinayo ukuqina, kwaye i-monomer yayo inetyhefu.

2. I-Polyolefin (PO), eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-polyethylene (PE) kunye ne-polypropylene (PP).Phakathi kwazo, i-PE yenye yezona mveliso zinkulu zenjongo yeplastiki.I-PP inoxinano oluphantsi, ayinayo ityhefu, ayinavumba kwaye inokumelana nobushushu.Ingasetyenziswa ixesha elide kubushushu obumalunga ne-110 degrees Celsius.Yethuicephe leplastikiyenziwe ngebakala lokutya lePP.

3. I-styrene resins, kuquka i-polystyrene (PS), i-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) kunye ne-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

4. I-Polyamide, i-polycarbonate, i-polyethylene terephthalate, i-polyoxymethylene (i-POM).Olu hlobo lweplastiki lunokusetyenziswa njengezinto zokwakha, ezaziwa ngokuba yimathiriyeli yobunjineli.

Ukufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki kuye kwabhalwa kwiingxelo zembali, yaye yayiyimveliso yesibini ebalulekileyo eye yachaphazela uluntu kule nkulungwane yama-20.Iplastiki ngokwenene ingummangaliso emhlabeni!Namhlanje, sinokuthi ngaphandle kokugqithisa: "Ubomi bethu abunakuhlukaniswa neplastiki"!