Ngundoukhetho lwempahla likhonkco elibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke inkqubo yokwenza i-mold.
Ukukhetha izinto zokubumba kufuneka kuhambelane nemigaqo emithathu.I-mold ihlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi ezifana nokumelana nokugqoka kunye nokuqina, i-mold ihlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo, kwaye i-mold kufuneka ihlangabezane nokusebenza kwezoqoqosho.
(1) Ingundoiyahlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko zokusebenza
1. Ukunxiba ukuxhathisa
Xa indawo engenanto ikhubazeke ngeplastiki kwi-cavity yokungunda, zombini ihamba kunye nezilayidi kunye nomphezulu we-cavity, ibangela ukungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi komphezulu we-cavity kunye ne-blank, kubangele ukusilela kwe-mold ngenxa yokugqoka.Ngako oko, ukunyanzeliswa kokugqoka kwempahla yenye yezona zinto zisisiseko kunye nezona zibalulekileyo ze-mold.
Ukuqina yinto ephambili echaphazela ukuxhathisa ukunxiba.Ngokubanzi, ukuphakama kobulukhuni beendawo zokubumba, ezincinci ubuninzi bokugqoka kwaye bhetele ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka.Ukongezelela, ukuxhathisa ukugqoka kuhambelana nohlobo, ubuninzi, imilo, ubungakanani kunye nokusabalalisa i-carbides kwizinto eziphathekayo.
2. Ukuqina okuqinileyo
Uninzi lweemeko zokusebenza zengundozimbi kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zidla ngokuthwala umthwalo omkhulu wempembelelo, ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni okutyumkileyo.Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka kwe-brittle ngokukhawuleza kwamalungu okubumba ngexesha lokusebenza, isikhunta kufuneka sibe namandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina.
Ukuqina kwesikhunta ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kumxholo wekhabhoni, ubungakanani beenkozo kunye nemeko yombutho wezinto eziphathekayo.
3. Ukukhathala kokuphuka kokusebenza
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokusebenza kwesikhunta, ukuphuka kokukhathala kudla ngokubangelwa phantsi kwesenzo sexesha elide loxinzelelo lwe-cyclic.Iifom zayo zibandakanya amandla amancinci amaninzi efuthe lokudinwa ukwaphuka, ukwaphuka kokudinwa okuqinileyo, ukwaphuka kokudinwa kunye nokugoba ukwaphuka kokudinwa.
Ukudinwa kokwaphuka ukusebenza kwengundoubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke ekomeleleni kwayo, ukuqina, ukuqina, kunye nomxholo wokufakwa kwezinto.
4. Ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu
Xa ubushushu bokusebenza besikhunta buphezulu, ubunzima kunye namandla buya kuncipha, okukhokelela ekunxibeni kwangaphambili kokubumba okanye ukuguqulwa kweplastiki kunye nokungaphumeleli.Ngoko ke, izinto zokubumba kufuneka zibe nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-anti-tempering ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhunta sinobunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla kwiqondo lokushisa elisebenzayo.
5. Ukumelana nokudinwa kobushushu nokubanda
Ezinye iimbumba zikwimeko yokufudumeza okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokupholisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokusebenza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umphezulu womqolo ube phantsi koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo, okubangela ukuqhekeka komphezulu kunye nokuxobuka, ukukhuhlana okunyukayo, ukuthintela ukuguqulwa kweplastiki, kunye nokunciphisa ukuchaneka komgangatho. , okukhokelela kukusilela kweMold.Ukudinwa okushushu kunye nokubanda yenye yeendlela eziphambili ukusilela umsebenzi eshushu uyafa, kwaye ezi kufa kufuneka ube nokumelana eliphezulu ukubanda kunye nokudinwa ubushushu.
6. Ukumelana nokubola
Xa abanyeukungundaezifana nokubumba kweplastiki kuyasebenza, ngenxa yobukho beklorine, i-fluorine kunye nezinye izinto kwiplastiki, iigesi ezonakalisayo ezifana ne-HCI kunye ne-HF ziyabola emva kokufudumeza, ezikhukulisa umphezulu we-mold cavity, kwandisa uburhabaxa bayo, kwaye kwandisa ukusilela kokunxiba.
(2) I-mold ihlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokusebenza
Ukwenziwa komngundo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka kudlule kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezifana nokubumba, ukusika, kunye nonyango lobushushu.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wokuvelisa isikhunta kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa, izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zibe ne-forgeability efanelekileyo, ukukhwabanisa, ukuqina, ukuqina kunye nokugaya;kufuneka kwakhona ibe ne-oxidation encinci, i-decarburization ubuntununtunu kunye nokucima.Ukuguqulwa kunye nokuthambekela kokuqhekeka.
1. Ukubaleka
Inobuxhakaxhaka obuphantsi bobuchwephesha bokubumba, iplastiki elungileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu bokubumba, utyekelo oluphantsi lokudala ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka okubandayo kunye nemvula ye-carbides yenethiwekhi.
2. Itekhnoloji yokuhlaziya
Uluhlu lweqondo lobushushu be-spheroidizing annealing lubanzi, ukuqina kwe-annealing kuphantsi kwaye uluhlu lokuguquguquka luncinci, kwaye ireyithi ye-spheroidizing iphezulu.
3. Ubuchule
Isixa sokusika sikhulu, ilahleko yesixhobo iphantsi, kwaye uburhabaxa bomphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini buphantsi.
4. I-oxidation kunye ne-decarburization ubuntununtunu
Xa ifudunyezwa kubushushu obuphezulu, inokumelana ne-oxidation elungileyo, i-decarburization kancinane, ukungakhathali kubushushu obuphakathi, kunye notyekelo oluncinci lokugalela.
5. Ukuba lukhuni
Inobunzima obufanayo kunye nobunzima obuphezulu emva kokucima.
6. Ukuba lukhuni
Emva kokucima, i-deep hardened layer ingafumaneka, enokuthi iqiniswe ngokusebenzisa i-mild quenching medium.
7. Ukucima ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-deformation
Ukutshintshwa kwevolumu yokucima okuqhelekileyo kuncinci, imilo ihlanjululwe, ukuphazamiseka kuncinci, kwaye ukuthambekela kokuguqulwa okungaqhelekanga kuphantsi.Ukucima okuqhelekileyo kunovakalelo oluphantsi lokuqhekeka kwaye alukhathaleli ukucima ubushushu kunye nokumila kwesixhobo sokusebenza.
8. Ukuqina
Ilahleko enxulumene nevili lokusila incinci, umda wokusila umlinganiselo ngaphandle kokutshisa mkhulu, kwaye awukhathaleli umgangatho wevili lokusila kunye neemeko zokupholisa, kwaye akukho lula ukubangela ukukrazula kunye nokusila iintanda.
(3) I-mold ihlangabezana neemfuno zezoqoqosho
Kukhetho lwengundoizixhobo, umgaqo woqoqosho kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa kangangoko.Ngoko ke, phantsi kwesiseko sokwanelisa ukusebenza, khetha kuqala ixabiso eliphantsi, ukuba ungasebenzisa i-carbon steel, awuyidingi insimbi ye-alloy, kwaye ukuba ungasebenzisa izinto zasekhaya, awudingi izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.
Ukongezelela, imeko yemveliso kunye nokubonelela kwiimarike kufuneka kwakhona ithathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha izinto.Amabakala ensimbi akhethiweyo kufuneka abe mbalwa kwaye agxininiswe ngokusemandleni kwaye kulula ukuyithenga.